Light pollution is even worse than satellites show us

Even more, light pollution exists than what
satellites can detect.

Satellites have the not been able to detect the increasing 

LED light pollution.

According to recent studies, the brightness of the night sky has increased by 10% on average per year. Estimates based on satellite data place that amounts at closer to a 2% annual growth, which is a substantially larger rate.

In other words, light pollution, which interferes with sleep and many other activities of daily living, has gotten worse far more quickly than anticipated. Additionally, conventional light pollution measurement satellites have not been able to completely track LED lighting as it has grown in popularity throughout the world.

The brightness of the night sky doubles every eight years or so at the rate at which we now understand that light pollution has increased as a result of human activity. By the age of 18, a youngster born where there are 250 stars visible at night would only be able to see 100 of them.

The discovery, which was made by tens of thousands of individual astronomers from all across the world, was announced Wednesday in the journal Science. The blind hole that satellites have with regard to LEDs, which have significantly contributed to the issue, was filled by citizen scientists.

The disparity results from older satellites' incapacity to detect LED lights, which have grown in popularity over the past ten or so years. LEDs are more cost- and energy-effective, thus they have taken the place of less efficient bulbs in numerous locations. Due to the technology's relative affordability, more outdoor areas that used to be dark at night have been flooded with light.

However, older types of LEDs tended to generate blue light, which scatters more effectively across our skies (despite frequently being marketed as "white" light). Additionally, the shorter wavelengths of those "white" LEDs are undetectable by earlier satellites.

As opposed to longer wavelengths from more orange light, humans are more sensitive to those shorter wavelengths. The new study is based on 51,351 observations made by citizen scientists between 2011 and 2022 as part of the National Science Foundation's "Globe at Night" program.

By contrasting what they observed at night with star maps, participants were asked to evaluate the brightness of the sky. However, the study gathered more data from North America and Europe than from any other location. Because it lacks information from economically developing nations where light pollution is growing more steadily, it could possibly underestimate the issue.

Pollution has many varied effects on all species on Earth, including humans. Our sleep hormone melatonin can become distorted by bright light. Additionally, less restful sleep has many known detrimental implications on one's health, including a higher risk of developing chronic conditions.

Artificial lighting can hinder pollination by perhaps distracting or frightening insects away, which could be detrimental to agriculture. Starlight, which is harder to see under light night skies, is used by some birds to navigate. Coyotes howl the loudest during the nighttime of a new Moon, and light pollution makes it more difficult for them to communicate with one another using their own light.

There are rather easy solutions to deal with the issues brought on by too bright nighttime lighting. When no one is around to use the lights, motion sensors can dim or turn them off. The previous generation of lights might be replaced by more recent LED lights that aren't quite as blue. Due to offices turning off their lights at night during the pandemic, the UK actually observed a decrease in light pollution. Additionally, more recent satellite generations might be better able to monitor global light pollution. The new analysis demonstrates that even though we are aware of what needs to be done, action hasn't kept up with the rate and scope of the issue.

In a separate piece commenting on the new data published in Science, physicists Fabio Falchi and Salvador Bará argue that people need to reconsider their awe of city lights. According to the research, "They do not realize that these are representations of pollution." It's comparable to admiring the rainbow colors that gasoline causes in water without realizing that it is chemical pollution.

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